The average genus for bouquets of circles and dipoles

Abstract

The bouquet of circles $B_n$ and dipole graph $D_n$ are two important classes of graphs in topological graph theory. For $n\ge 1$, we give an explicit formula for the average genus ${\gamma }_{avg}(B_n)$ of $B_n$. By this expression, one easily sees ${\gamma }_{avg}(B_n)=\frac{n-\ln n-c+1-\ln 2}{2}+o(1)$, where $c$ is the Euler constant. Similar results are obtained for $D_n$. Our method is new and deeply depends on the knowledge in ordinary differential equations.