A Survey on LoRa Networking: Research Problems, Current Solutions and Open Issues

Abstract

Wireless networks have been widely deployed for many Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications, like smart cities and precision agriculture. Low Power Wide Area Networking (LPWAN) is an emerging IoT networking paradigm to meet three key requirements of IoT applications, i.e., low cost, large scale deployment and high energy efficiency. Among all available LPWAN technologies, LoRa networking has attracted much attention from both academia and industry, since it specifies an open standard and allows us to build autonomous LPWAN networks without any third-party infrastructure. Many LoRa networks have been developed recently, e.g., managing solar plants in Carson City, Nevada, USA and power monitoring in Lyon and Grenoble, France. However, there are still many research challenges to develop practical LoRa networks, e.g., link coordination, resource allocation, reliable transmissions and security. This article provides a comprehensive survey on LoRa networks, including the technical challenges of deploying LoRa networks and recent solutions. Based on our detailed analysis of current solutions, some open issues of LoRa networking are discussed. The goal of this survey paper is to inspire more works on improving the performance of LoRa networks and enabling more practical deployments.

References in corpus (3)

• LoRaWAN in the Wild: Measurements from The Things Network
• A Fair Adaptive Data Rate Algorithm for LoRaWAN
• Joint Retransmission, Compression and Channel Coding for Data Fidelity under Energy Constraints

Cited by in corpus (13)

• A Survey on Scalable LoRaWAN for Massive IoT: Recent Advances, Potentials, and Challenges
• Breaking the Interference and Fading Gridlock in Backscatter Communications: State-of-the-Art, Design Challenges, and Future Directions
• LoRa-RL: Deep Reinforcement Learning for Resource Management in Hybrid Energy LoRa Wireless Networks
• Alternative Chirp Spread Spectrum Techniques for LPWANs
• Network-Coded Cooperative LoRa Network with D2D Communication
• A softwarized perspective of the 5G networks
• Low-Cost Traffic Sensing System Based on LoRaWAN for Urban Areas
• Massive Access for 5G and Beyond
• A Novel Approach for Cancellation of Non-Aligned Inter Spreading Factor Interference in LoRa Systems
• Analysis and Optimization for Large-Scale LoRa Networks: Throughput Fairness and Scalability
• Intelligent Communication Planning for Constrained Environmental IoT Sensing with Reinforcement Learning
• Intelligent Resource Allocation in Dense LoRa Networks using Deep Reinforcement Learning
• Data Aggregation in Synchronous Large-scale IoT Networks: Granularity, Reliability, and Delay Tradeoffs