Non-Equilibrium Spectrum Formation Affecting Solar Irradiance

Abstract

This is an overview of non-equilibrium aspects of the formation of solar continua and lines affecting the contributions by magnetic network and plage to spectrally resolved solar irradiance. After a brief summary of these contributions and a compact refresher of solar spectrum formation, the emphasis is on graphical exposition. Major obstacles for simulation-based irradiance studies are how to cope with NLTE scattering in the violet and ultraviolet line haze and how to cope with retarded hydrogen opacities in infrared and mm radiation.

Editor's Choice lead article of Solar Physics Topical Selection "Irradiance Variations of the Sun and Sun-like Stars". The arXiv pdf is better for e-reading because the publisher destroyed citation links and refused repair

References in corpus (5)

• Non-equilibrium hydrogen ionization in 2D simulations of the solar atmosphere
• RH 1.5D: a massively parallel code for multi-level radiative transfer with partial frequency redistribution and Zeeman polarisation
• Two-dimensional Radiative Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations of Partial Ionization in the Chromosphere. II. Dynamics and Energetics of the Low Solar Atmosphere
• Spectral variability of photospheric radiation due to faculae I: The Sun and Sun-like stars
• H-alpha features with hot onsets III. Fibrils in Lyman-alpha and with ALMA

Cited by in corpus (8)

• MPS-ATLAS: A fast all-in-one code for synthesising stellar spectra
• Ambipolar diffusion in the Bifrost code
• Coalescence Instability in Chromospheric Partially Ionised Plasmas
• Modeling stellar Ca II H & K emission variations. I. Effect of inclination on the S-index
• Irradiance Variations of the Sun and Sun-Like Stars -- Overview of Topical Collection
• Solar photospheric spectrum microvariability II. Observed relations to magnetic activity and radial-velocity modulation
• $\text{globin}$: A spectropolarimetric inversion code for the coupled inference of atomic line parameters
• Formation of chromospheric Fe I lines in the near ultraviolet in 1D atmospheres