Early-Time and Late-Time Quantum Chaos

Abstract

We show the relation between the Heisenberg averaging of regularized 2-point out-of-time ordered correlation function and the 2-point spectral form factor in bosonic quantum mechanics. The generalization to all even-point is also discussed. We also do the direct extension from the bosonic quantum mechanics to the non-interacting scalar field theory. Finally, we find that the coherent state and large-$N$ approaches are useful in the late-time study. We find that the computation of the coherent state can be simplified by the Heisenberg averaging. Therefore, this provides a simplified way to probe the late-time quantum chaos through a coherent state. The large-$N$ result is also comparable to the $N=3$ numerical result in the large-$N$ quantum mechanics. This can justify that large-$N$ technique in bosonic quantum mechanics can probe the late time, not the early time. Because the quantitative behavior of large-$N$ can be captured from the $N=3$ numerical result, the realization in experiments should be possible.

25 pages, 1 figure, minor changes, reference added