Black hole quantum atmosphere for freely falling observers

Abstract

We analyze Hawking radiation as perceived by a freely-falling observer and try to draw an inference about the region of origin of the Hawking quanta. To do so, first we calculate the energy density from the stress energy tensor, as perceived by a freely-falling observer. Then we compare this with the energy density computed from an effective temperature functional which depends on the state of the observer. The two ways of computing these quantities show a mismatch at the light ring outside the black hole horizon. To better understand this ambiguity, we show that even taking into account the (minor) breakdown of the adiabatic evolution of the temperature functional which has a peak in the same region of the mismatch, is not enough to remove it. We argue that the appearance of this discrepancy can be traced back to the process of particle creation by showing how the Wentzel--Kramers--Brillouin approximation for the field modes breaks down between the light ring at $3M$ and $4M$, with a peak at $r=3.3M$ exactly where the energy density mismatch is maximized. We hence conclude that these facts strongly support a scenario where the Hawking flux does originate from a "quantum atmosphere" located well outside the black hole horizon.

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• Avoidance of singularity during the gravitational collapse with string T-duality effects
• Test of quantum atmosphere in the dimensionally reduced Schwarzschild black hole
• Tunneling method for Hawking quanta in analogue gravity
• Quantum energy momentum tensor and equal time correlations in a Reissner-Nordström black hole
• Harvesting Fermionic Field Entanglement in Schwarzschild Spacetime
• How the Schwarzschild-de Sitter horizons remain in thermal equilibrium at vastly different temperatures
• Universal Horizons without Hypersurface Orthogonality
• Quantum correlation and origin of Hawking radiation for mass-superposed BTZ black holes
• The Hawking effect in the particles-partners correlations
• Observables in quantum field theory on a collapsing black hole background
• Black holes and their horizons in semiclassical and modified theories of gravity
• Quantum atmosphere effective radii for different spin fields from quantum gravity inspired black holes