An entire function connected with the approximation of the golden ratio

Abstract

In 1987, R. B. Paris uses the analytic function \[\label{main} g(w)=\lim_{n\to\infty}(2φ)^n\biggl(\underbrace{\sqrt{1+\sqrt{1+...\sqrt{1+w}}}}_n-φ\biggr),\ \ \ φ=\frac{1+\sqrt{5}}2, \] to estimate the convergence of nested squares to the golden ratio. The function $g$ is non-entire and, perhaps, can not be expressed in terms of some standard known functions. We show that $f(z):=g^{-1}(z)$ is an entire function satisfying Poincare equality. While $f$ has zeros of various multiplicities, it can be expressed in terms of its simple zeros, forming fractal structures similar to Julia sets.

Article illustrates in simple manner a connection between recurrent formulas, entire functions, polynomial dynamics, and corresponding Julia sets