Long-range order imposed by short-range interactions in methylammonium lead iodide: Comparing point-dipole models to machine-learning force fields

Abstract

The crystal structure of the MAPbI${}_3$ hybrid perovskite forms an intricate electrostatic puzzle with different ordering patterns of the MA molecules at elevated temperatures. For this perovskite three published model Hamiltonians based on the point-dipole (pd) approximation combined with short-range effective interactions are compared to a recently developed machine-learning force field. A molecular order parameter is used to consistently compare the transformation of the anti-ferroelectric ordering in the orthorhombic phase upon raising the temperature. We show that the ground states and the order-disorder transition of the three models are completely different. Our analysis indicates that the long-range order in the low-temperature orthorhombic phase can be captured by pd-based models with a short cutoff radius, including the nearest and next-nearest neighbor molecules. By constructing effective atomic interactions the ordering can already be described within 6 A radius. By extracting the coupling energetics of the molecules from density functional theory calculations on MA${}_x$Cs${}_{1-x}$PbI${}_3$ test systems, we show that the pd-approximation holds at least for static structures. To improve the accuracy of the pd-interaction an Ewald summation is applied combined with a distance dependent electronic screening function.

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Cited by in corpus (4)

• Phase transitions in inorganic halide perovskites from machine learning potentials
• Exploring librational pathways with on-the-fly machine-learning force fields: Methylammonium molecules in MAPbX${}_3$ (X=I, Br, Cl) perovskites
• Revealing the free energy landscape of halide perovskites: Metastability and transition characters in CsPbBr${}_3$ and MAPbI${}_3$
• Role of host/guest coupling in stabilizing the phases of the over-tolerant hybrid perovskite MHyPbX3