Probing quantum criticality and symmetry breaking at the microscopic level

Abstract

We report on an experimental study of the Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick model of quantum spins interacting at infinite range in a transverse magnetic field, which exhibits a ferromagnetic phase transition in the thermodynamic limit. We use Dysprosium atoms of electronic spin $J=8$, subjected to a quadratic Zeeman light shift, to simulate $2J=16$ interacting spins $1/2$. We probe the system microscopically using single magnetic sublevel resolution, giving access to the spin projection parity, which is the collective observable characterizing the underlying ${\mathbb{Z}}_2$ symmetry. We measure the thermodynamic properties and dynamical response of the system, and study the quantum critical behavior around the transition point. In the ferromagnetic phase, we achieve coherent tunneling between symmetry-broken states, and test the link between symmetry breaking and the appearance of a finite order parameter.

arXiv comment13 pages, 13 figures

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• Engineering First-Order Quantum Phase Transitions for Weak Signal Detection
• Quantum geometric tensor and quantum phase transitions in the Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick model
• Dynamics of longitudinal magnetization in transverse-field quantum Ising model: from symmetry-breaking gap to Kibble-Zurek mechanism
• The effect of chaos on the simulation of quantum critical phenomena in analog quantum simulators
• Excited-State Quantum Phase Transitions in the Anharmonic Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick Model I: Static Aspects
• Locating quantum critical points with Kibble-Zurek quenches
• Characterizing the excited-state quantum phase transition via the dynamical and statistical properties of the diagonal entropy
• Production and stabilization of a spin mixture of ultracold dipolar Bose gases
• Symmetry-Protected Quantum Adiabatic Evolution in Spontaneous Symmetry-Breaking Transitions
• Excited-State Quantum Phase Transitions in the Anharmonic Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick Model: Dynamical Aspects
• Measurement of the dynamic polarizability of Dy atoms near the 626-nm intercombination line
• Single-photon pulse induced giant response in N$>$100 qubit system
• Degeneracy in excited-state quantum phase transitions of two-level bosonic models and its influence on system dynamics
• Entanglement distribution in fermion model with long-range interaction
• Investigating Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick Model and Criticality-Enhanced Metrology in a Coherent Ising Machine
• Observation of universal non-Gaussian statistics of the order parameter across a continuous phase transition