Memory and mutualism in species sustainability: a time-fractional Lotka-Volterra model with harvesting

Abstract

We first present a predator-prey model for two species and then extend the model to three species where the two predator species engage in mutualistic predation. Constant effort harvesting and the impact of by-catch issue are also incorporated. Necessary sufficient conditions for the existence and stability of positive equilibrium points are examined. It is shown that harvesting is sustainable, and the memory concept of the fractional derivative damps out oscillations in the population numbers so that the system as a whole settles on an equilibrium quicker than it would with integer time derivatives. Finally, some possible physical explanations are given for the obtained results. It is shown that the stability requires the memory concept in the model.

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Cited by in corpus (4)

• Predator-prey models with memory and kicks: Exact solution and discrete maps with memory
• Three-species predator-prey model with respect to Caputo and Caputo-Fabrizio fractional operators
• Analysis of a class of Lotka--Volterra systems
• FdeSolver: A Julia Package for Solving Fractional Differential Equations