Advantage in two-way communication using non-classical states of light

Abstract

The advantage of using a single-photon two-mode entangled state in two-way communication via maximal violation of an inequality associated with the `Guess Your Neighbour's Input' (GYNI) game has been theoretically [Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 060503 (2018)] as well as experimentally [CLEO FID.4 (OSA, 2018)] established quite recently. We show that such an advantage can also be obtained using any single-mode pure non-classical state embedded in a two-mode pure entangled state, wherein the other mode is the vacuum (henceforth referred to as a generalized NOON state), regardless of the average photon number of the single mode state. For the special cases of the even-coherent, odd-coherent, and squeezed vacuum NOON states, we establish that the advantage is also maximal. We show that the usage of the even-coherent NOON states can provide an advantage under noisy apparatuses (beam splitters and photo detectors). As an aside, we study how some of these states fare in terms of violation of a reference-frame independent Bell-type inequality.

arXiv comment22 pages, 7 figures. Drastic modifications to the previous version include a theorem that generalizes (for all single mode non-classical states) the results that were reported earlier, and its proof. A new model of the lossy detector has also been explored, enabling us to make a more conclusive comparison between the single-photon entangled state and the even-coherent NOON state

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