Multiphase gas flows in the nearby Seyfert galaxy ESO428-G14

Abstract

We present ALMA rest-frame 230 GHz continuum and CO(2-1) line observations of the nearby Compton-thick Seyfert galaxy ESO428-G14, with angular resolution 0.7 arcsec (78 pc). We detect CO(2-1) emission from spiral arms and a circum-nuclear ring with 200 pc radius, and from a transverse gas lane with size of $\sim 100$ pc, which crosses the nucleus and connects the two portions the circumnuclear ring. The molecular gas in the host galaxy is distributed in a rotating disk with intrinsic circular velocity $v_{rot}=135$ km/s, inclination $i=57$ deg, and dynamical mass $M_{dyn}=5\times 10^9{\mathrm{M}}_{\odot }$ within a radius of $\sim 1$ kpc. In the inner 100 pc region CO is distributed in a equatorial bar, whose kinematics is highly perturbed and consistent with an inflow of gas towards the AGN. This inner CO bar overlaps with the most obscured, Compton-thick region seen in X-rays. We derive a column density of $\mathrm{N}({\mathrm{H}}_2)\approx 2\times 10^{23}\mathrm{c}{\mathrm{m}}^{-2}$ in this region, suggesting that molecular gas may contribute significantly to the AGN obscuration. We detect a molecular outflow with a total outflow rate ${\dot{\mathrm{M}}}_{\mathrm{of}}\approx 0.8{\mathrm{M}}_{\odot }/yr$, distributed along a bi-conical structure with size of $700$ pc on both sides of the AGN. The bi-conical outflow is also detected in the ${\mathrm{H}}_2$ emission line at 2.12 $\hat{I}¼$m, which traces a warmer nuclear outflow located within 170 pc from the AGN. This suggests that the outflow cools with increasing distance from the AGN. We find that the hard X-ray emitting nuclear region mapped with Chandra is CO-deprived, but filled with warm molecular gas traced by ${\mathrm{H}}_2$ - thus confirming that the hard (3-6 keV) continuum and Fe K$\hat{I}\pm$ emission are due to scattering from dense neutral clouds in the ISM.

Submitted to ApJ