Optimization of seismometer arrays for the cancellation of Newtonian noise from seismic body waves

Abstract

Newtonian noise from seismic fields is predicted to become a sensitivity limiting noise contribution of the gravitational-wave detectors Advanced LIGO and Virgo in the next few years. It also plays a major role in the planning of next-generation detectors, which might be constructed underground, as planned for the Einstein Telescope, mostly to suppress Newtonian noise. Coherent noise cancellation using Wiener filters provides a way to mitigate Newtonian noise. So far, only the cancellation of Newtonian noise produced by seismic surface waves has been studied in detail due to its relevance for Advanced LIGO and Virgo. However, seismic body waves can still contribute significantly to Newtonian noise in surface detectors, and they might be the dominant source of gravity fluctuations in underground detectors. In this paper, we present the first detailed analysis of coherent cancellation of Newtonian noise from body waves. While the required number of seismometers to achieve a certain level of noise suppression is higher than for seismic surface waves, we show that optimal seismometer arrays can greatly reduce body-wave Newtonian noise. The optimal array configurations and achieved residuals depend strongly on the composition of the seismic field in terms of average compressional-wave and shear-wave content. We propose Newtonian-noise cancellation to achieve the ambitious low-frequency target of the Einstein Telescope.

arXiv comment17 pages, 9 figures

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• Observation of a potential future sensitivity limitation from ground motion at LIGO Hanford
• The KAGRA underground environment and lessons for the Einstein Telescope
• Correlated 0.01Hz-40Hz seismic and Newtonian noise and its impact on future gravitational-wave detectors
• A lower limit for Newtonian-noise models of the Einstein Telescope
• Joint Optimization of seismometer arrays for the cancellation of Newtonian noise from seismic body waves in the Einstein Telescope
• Likelihood for a Network of Gravitational-Wave Detectors with Correlated Noise
• The impact of local noise recorded at the ET candidate sites on the signal to noise ratio of CBC gravitational wave signals for the ET triangle configuration
• Seismic noise characterization at a potential gravitational wave detector site in Australia
• Characterization of the seismic field at Virgo and improved estimates of Newtonian-noise suppression by recesses
• Fighting Newtonian Noise with Gradient-Based Optimization at the Einstein Telescope
• Impact of correlated seismic and correlated Newtonian noise on the Einstein Telescope