On scaling limits of random trees and maps with a prescribed degree sequence

Abstract

We study a configuration model on bipartite planar maps in which, given $n$ even integers, one samples a planar map with $n$ faces uniformly at random with these face degrees. We prove that when suitably rescaled, such maps always admit nontrivial subsequential limits as $n\to \infty$ in the Gromov-Hausdorff-Prokhorov topology. Further, we show that they converge in distribution towards the celebrated Brownian sphere, and more generally a Brownian disk for maps with a boundary, if and only if there is no inner face with a macroscopic degree, or, if the perimeter is too big, the maps degenerate and converge to the Brownian tree. By first sampling the degrees at random with an appropriate distribution, this model recovers that of size-conditioned Boltzmann maps associated with critical weights in the domain of attraction of a stable law with index $\alpha \in [1,2]$. The Brownian tree and disks then appear respectively in the case $\alpha =1$ and $\alpha =2$, whereas in the case $\alpha \in (1,2)$ our results partially recover previous known ones. Our proofs rely on known bijections with labelled plane trees, which are similarly sampled uniformly at random given $n$ outdegrees. Along the way, we obtain some results on the geometry of such trees, such as a convergence to the Brownian tree but only in the weaker sense of subtrees spanned by random vertices, which are of independent interest.

Final version. The proof in Sec. 5.3 has been simplified

References in corpus (4)

• The topological structure of scaling limits of large planar maps
• The exploration process of inhomogeneous continuum random trees, and an extension of Jeulin's local time identity
• On scaling limits of planar maps with stable face-degrees
• The boundary of random planar maps via looptrees

Cited by in corpus (5)

• Large deviation Local Limit Theorems and limits of biconditioned Trees and Maps
• Scaling limits of random looptrees and bipartite plane maps with prescribed large faces
• Random Lévy Looptrees and Lévy Maps
• On quasi-polynomials counting planar tight maps
• Conditioning Bienaym{é}-Galton-Watson trees to have large sub-populations