Anisotropy induced vortex lattice rearrangement in CaKFe${}_4$As${}_4$

Abstract

The magnetic penetration depth anisotropy ${\gamma }_{\lambda }={\lambda }_c/{\lambda }_{ab}$ (${\lambda }_{ab}$ and ${\lambda }_c$ are the in-plane and the out-of-plane components of the magnetic penetration depth) in a CaKFe${}_4$As${}_4$ single crystal sample (the critical temperature $T_{\mathrm{c}}\simeq 35$ K) was studied by means of muon-spin rotation ($\mu$SR). ${\gamma }_{\lambda }$ is almost temperature independent for $T\lesssim 20$ K (${\gamma }_{\lambda }\simeq 1.9$) and it reaches $\simeq 3.0$ by approaching $T_{\mathrm{c}}$. The change of ${\gamma }_{\lambda }$ induces the corresponding rearrangement of the flux line lattice (FLL), which is clearly detected via enhanced distortions of the FLL $\mu$SR response. Comparison of ${\gamma }_{\lambda }$ with the anisotropy of the upper critical field (${\gamma }_{H_{c2}}$) studied in Phys. Rev B {\bf 94}, 064501 (2016), reveals that ${\gamma }_{\lambda }$ is systematically higher than ${\gamma }_{H_{c2}}$ at low-temperatures and approaches ${\gamma }_{H_{c2}}$ for $T\to T_{\mathrm{c}}$. The anisotropic properties of $\lambda$ are explained by the multi-gap nature of superconductivity in CaKFe${}_4$As${}_4$ and are caused by anisotropic contributions of various bands to the in-plane and the out-of-plane components of the superfluid density.

arXiv comment6 pages, 4 figures

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