Microwave Rabi resonances beyond the small-signal regime

Abstract

The coupling between microwave fields and atoms (or atom-like systems) is inherently weaker than for optical fields, making microwave signal manipulation for applications like quantum information processing technically challenging. In order to better understand this coupling and to develop tools for measuring it, we explore the microwave coupling to atoms using the "atomic candle" technique, and push it beyond the bounds of the small-signal regime in order to deliver a larger signal. In familiar two-level systems, responses beyond the usual Rabi oscillations can arise when a single-tone drive is phase-modulated, causing the steady-state populations to oscillate at integer harmonics of the modulation frequency. Resonant behavior of the first two harmonics for frequencies near the Rabi frequency, known as $\alpha$ and $\beta$ Rabi resonances, is widely used for microwave-field magnetometry and as a power standard known as the atomic candle. Here, we explore Rabi resonances beyond the small-signal approximation and report upon experimental observations of higher-harmonic population response for microwave hyperfine transitions in cold ${}^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ atoms, which we compare to numerical simulations.

arXiv comment9 pages, 9 figures

References in corpus (11)

• Resolving magnon number states in quantum magnonics
• Reaching 10 ms single photon lifetimes for superconducting aluminum cavities
• Faithful conversion of propagating quantum information to mechanical motion
• Coherent storage and manipulation of broadband photons via dynamically controlled Autler-Townes splitting
• An atomic interface between microwave and optical photons
• Mechanical resonators for storage and transfer of electrical and optical quantum states
• Quantum-enabled temporal and spectral mode conversion of microwave signals
• Frequency-Tunable Microwave Field Detection in an Atomic Vapor Cell
• Two-way interconversion of millimeter-wave and optical fields in Rydberg gases
• Towards a spin-ensemble quantum memory for superconducting qubits
• Tuning a 3D Microwave Cavity via Superfluid Helium at MilliKelvin Temperatures

Cited by in corpus (3)

• Atomic microwave-to-optical signal transduction via magnetic-field coupling in a resonant microwave cavity
• Accurate vector optically pumped magnetometer with microwave-driven Rabi frequency measurements
• Engineering atomic polarization with microwave-assisted optical pumping