NuSTAR Observations of the Accreting Atolls GX 3+1, 4U 1702-429, 4U 0614+091, and 4U 1746-371

Abstract

Atoll sources are accreting neutron star (NS) low-mass X-ray binaries. We present a spectral analysis of four persistent atoll sources (GX 3+1, 4U 1702$-$429, 4U 0614+091, and 4U 1746$-$371) observed for $\sim 20$ ks each with NuSTAR to determine the extent of the inner accretion disk. These sources range from an apparent luminosity of $0.006-0.11$ of the Eddington limit (assuming the empirical limit of $3.8\times 10^{38}$ ergs s${}^{-1}$). Broad Fe emission features shaped by Doppler and relativistic effects close to the NS were firmly detected in three of these sources. The position of the disk appears to be close to the innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO) in each case. For GX 3+1, we determine $R_{in}=1.8_{-0.6}^{+0.2}{R}_{\mathrm{ISCO}}$ (90% confidence level) and an inclination of $27^{\circ }-31^{\circ }$. For 4U 1702$-$429, we find a $R_{in}=1.5_{-0.4}^{+1.6}{R}_{\mathrm{ISCO}}$ and inclination of $53^{\circ }-64^{\circ }$. For 4U 0614+091, the disk has a position of $R_{in}=1.3_{-0.2}^{+5.4}{R}_{\mathrm{ISCO}}$ and inclination of $50^{\circ }-62^{\circ }$. If the disk does not extend to the innermost stable circular orbit, we can place conservative limits on the magnetic field strength in these systems in the event that the disk is truncated at the Alfvén radius. This provides the limit at the poles of $B\le 6.7\times 10^8$ G, $3.3\times 10^8$ G, and $14.5\times 10^8$ G for GX 3+1, 4U 1702$-$429, and 4U 0614+091, respectively. For 4U 1746$-$371, we argue that the most plausible explanation for the lack of reflection features is a combination of source geometry and strong Comptonization. We place these sources among the larger sample of NSs that have been observed with NuSTAR.

11 pages, 4 figures, 8 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ

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• Long term radio monitoring of the neutron star X-ray binary Swift J1858.6-0814
• Probing the accretion geometry of the atoll source 4U 1702-429 in different spectral states with NICER, NuSTAR, and AstroSat
• Reflecting on naked singularities: iron line fitting as a probe of the cosmic censorship conjecture
• Modeling the upper kHz QPOs of 4U 1728-34 with X-ray reverberation
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