Frequent flare events on the short-period M-type eclipsing binary BX Tri

Abstract

We present long-term, multi-color photometric monitoring and spectroscopic observations of the short-period M-type eclipsing binary BX Tri. Six flare events were recorded in 4 years from 2014 to 2017. Three of them were detected on one night within an orbital cycle. The strongest one was identified on December 23, 2014. With the amplitudes of $\Delta$B=0.48 mag, $\Delta$V=0.28 mag, $\Delta$R=0.10 mag, $\Delta$I=0.02 mag, the total energy due to the flare event was measured to be 4.08 ($\pm$0.24) $\times$$10^{34}$ erg, exceeding the superflare level ($10^{34}$). Based on the observations, the evolutionary status of the binary system as well as the long-term orbital period changes were analyzed. It reveals that BX Tri is probably a semi-detached system with the primary component filling its Roche lobe. The extremely high occurrence of flare events of the binary could be related to the rapid mass transfer between components.

16 pages, 10figures; Accepted for publication in ApJ

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