Thermalization with detailed-balanced two-site Lindblad dissipators

Abstract

The use of two-site Lindblad dissipator to generate thermal states and study heat transport raised to prominence since [J. Stat. Mech. (2009) P02035] by Prosen and Žnidarič. Here we propose a variant of this method based on detailed balance of internal levels of the two site Hamiltonian and characterize its performance. We study the thermalization profile in the chain, the effective temperatures achieved by different single and two-site observables, and we also investigate the decay of two-time correlations. We find that at a large enough temperature the steady state approaches closely a thermal state, with a relative error below 1% for the inverse temperature estimated from different observables.

9 pages, 7 figures

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• Thermalization at Low Temperatures via Weakly-Damped Multi-Site Baths
• Emergence of the Gibbs ensemble as a steady state in Lindbladian dynamics
• A New Framework for Quantum Phases in Open Systems: Steady State of Imaginary-Time Lindbladian Evolution