A General Theoretical and Experimental Framework for Nanoscale Electromagnetism

Yi Yang; Di Zhu; Wei Yan; Akshay Agarwal; Mengjie Zheng; John D. Joannopoulos; Philippe Lalanne; Thomas Christensen; Karl K. Berggren; Marin Soljačić

doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1803-1

paper

A General Theoretical and Experimental Framework for Nanoscale Electromagnetism

arXiv:1901.03988 · doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1803-1

Abstract

Local, bulk response functions, e.g permittivity, and the macroscopic Maxwell equations completely specify the classical electromagnetic problem, which features only wavelength $λ$ and geometric scales. The above neglect of intrinsic electronic length scales $L_{e}$ leads to an eventual breakdown in the nanoscopic limit. Here, we present a general theoretical and experimental framework for treating nanoscale electromagnetic phenomena. The framework features surface-response functions---known as the Feibelman $d$ -parameters---which reintroduce the missing electronic length scales. As a part of our framework, we establish an experimental procedure to measure these complex, dispersive surface response functions, enabled by quasi-normal-mode perturbation theory and observations of pronounced nonclassical effects---spectral shifts in excess of 30% and the breakdown of Kreibig-like broadening---in a quintessential multiscale architecture: film-coupled nanoresonators, with feature-sizes comparable to both $L_{e}$ and $λ$ .

arXiv comment7 pages, 4 figures, supplementary included as ancillary file

A General Theoretical and Experimental Framework for Nanoscale Electromagnetism

Abstract

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