CHAMP Cosmic Rays

Abstract

We study interactions of cosmological relics, $X$, of mass $m$ and electric charge $qe$ in the galaxy, including thermalization with the interstellar medium, diffusion through inhomogeneous magnetic fields and Fermi acceleration by supernova shock waves. We find that for $m{}_{\sim }^{<}10^{10}q\mathrm{GeV}$, there is a large flux of accelerated $X$ in the disk today, with a momentum distribution $\propto 1/p^{2.5}$ extending to $(\beta p{)}_{max}\sim 5\times 10^{4}q\mathrm{GeV}$. Even though acceleration in supernova shocks is efficient, ejecting $X$ from the galaxy, $X$ are continually replenished by diffusion into the disk from the halo or confinement region. For $m{}_{\sim }^{>}10^{10}q\mathrm{GeV}$, $X$ cannot be accelerated above the escape velocity within the lifetime of the shock. The accelerated $X$ form a component of cosmic rays that can easily reach underground detectors, as well as deposit energies above thresholds, enhancing signals in various experiments. We find that nuclear/electron recoil experiments place very stringent bounds on $X$ at low $q$; for example, $X$ as dark matter is excluded for $q$ above $10^{-9}$ for any $m$. For larger $q$, stringent bounds on the fraction of dark matter that can be $X$ are set by Cherenkov and ionization detectors. Nevertheless, very small $q$ is highly motivated by the kinetic mixing portal, and we identify regions of $(m,q)$ that can be probed by future experiments.

arXiv comment56 pages, 20 figures. Matches published version. Added discussion on EDGES result, clarifications, and references

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