Non-equilibrium theories of rarefied gases: internal variables and extended thermodynamics

Abstract

Limits of classical constitutive laws such as Fourier and Navier-Stokes equations are discovered since decades. However, the proper extensions -- generalizations of these are not unique. They differ in the underlying physical principles and in modeling capabilities. In this paper, two different theories are discussed and compared to each other, namely the kinetic theory-based Rational Extended Thermodynamics (RET) and non-equilibrium thermodynamics with internal variables (NET-IV). First, the paper starts with the case of rigid heat conductors summarizing the result achieved so far. Then a typical example of compressible bodies is shown by presenting the first generalization for rarefied gases, called Meixner's theory. It is further extended using generalized entropy current in the framework of NET-IV. It is shown how its structure is related to RET and how the compatibility between them can be acquired.

References in corpus (2)

• Generalized heat conduction in heat pulse experiments
• Generalized Galilean transformations of tensors and cotensors with application to general fluid motion

Cited by in corpus (5)

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• When theories and experiments meet: rarefied gases as a benchmark of non-equilibrium thermodynamic models
• A case study of non-Fourier heat conduction using Internal Variables and GENERIC
• Analytical and numerical modelling of ballistic heat conduction observed in heat pulse experiments