Nonlinear fractional Laplacian problems with nonlocal "gradient terms"

Abstract

Let $\Omega \subset {\mathbb{R}}^N$, $N\ge 2$, be a smooth bounded domain. For $s\in (1/2,1)$, we consider a problem of the form \[ \left\{\begin{aligned} (-Δ)^s u & = μ(x)\, \mathbb{D}_s^{2}(u) + λf(x)\,, & \quad \mbox{in} Ω,\\ u & = 0\,, & \quad \mbox{in} \mathbb{R}^N \setminus Ω, \end{aligned} \right. \] where $\lambda >0$ is a real parameter, $f$ belongs to a suitable Lebesgue space, $\mu \in L^{\infty }(\Omega )$ and ${\mathbb{D}}_s^2$ is a nonlocal "gradient square" term given by \[ \mathbb{D}_s^2 (u) = \frac{a_{N,s}}{2}\mbox{p.v.} \int_{\mathbb{R}^N} \frac{|u(x)-u(y)|^2}{|x-y|^{N+2s}} dy \,. \] Depending on the real parameter $\lambda >0$, we derive existence and non-existence results. The proof of our existence result relies on sharp Calderón-Zygmund type regularity results for the fractional Poisson equation with low integrability data. We also obtain existence results for related problems involving different nonlocal diffusion terms.