Quantum response theory for nonequilibrium steady states

Abstract

We develop a general framework for the steady-state response of dissipative quantum systems. We concretely derive three different, but equivalent, forms of the quantum response function. We discuss for each of them the role of the noncommutativity of quantum operators and establish links to the Kubo response theory for closed quantum systems. We show in particular that the equilibrium response vanishes for perturbations that commute with the unperturbed Hamiltonian while the steady-state response does not, highlighting the profound difference between the two.

arXiv comment7 pages, 3 figures

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• Quantum speed limit for states and observables of perturbed open systems
• Fluctuation-Dissipation Relation for Open Quantum Systems in Nonequilibrium Steady State
• Asymmetries of thermal processes in open quantum systems
• The Fluctuation-Dissipation Relations: Growth, Diffusion, and Beyond
• Quantum response theory and momentum-space gravity
• Non-equilibrium quantum probing through linear response
• Non-equilibrium thermodynamics of gravitational objective-collapse models
• Quantum fluctuation theorem for initial near-equilibrium system