Surface tension of hot and dense quark matter under strong magnetic fields

Abstract

We study the surface tension of hot, highly magnetized three flavor quark matter droplets, focusing specifically on the thermodynamic conditions prevailing in neutron stars, hot lepton rich protoneutron stars and neutron star mergers. We explore the role of temperature, baryon number density, trapped neutrinos, droplet size and magnetic fields within the multiple reflection expansion formalism (MRE), assuming that astrophysical quark matter can be described as a mixture of free Fermi gases composed by quarks $u$, $d$, $s$, electrons and neutrinos, in chemical equilibrium under weak interactions. We find that the total surface tension is rather unaffected by the size of the drop, but is quite sensitive to the effect of baryon number density, temperature, trapped neutrinos and magnetic fields (specially above $eB\sim 5\times 10^{-3}{\mathrm{GeV}}^2$). Surface tensions parallel and transverse to the magnetic field span values up to $\sim$ 25 MeV/fm${}^2$. For $T\lesssim 100$ MeV the surface tension is a decreasing function of temperature but above 100 MeV it increases monotonically with $T$. Finally, we discuss some astrophysical consequences of our results.

8 pages, 6 figures

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• A model-agnostic analysis of hybrid stars with reactive interfaces
• Hadron-quark mixed phase in the quark-meson coupling model
• Vector interactions inhibit quark-hadron mixed phases in neutron stars
• Limiting magnetic field for minimal deformation of a magnetised neutron star
• Framework for phase transitions between the Maxwell and Gibbs constructions
• Hyperons and quarks in proto-neutron stars
• Quasi-universality of the magnetic deformation of neutron stars in general relativity and beyond
• Surface and curvature properties of charged strangelets in compact objects
• Interface effects of quark matter: Light-quark nuggets and compact stars
• Temperature and Strong Magnetic Field Effects in Dense Matter
• Hybrid stars with reactive interfaces: analysis within the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model
• Effects of finite volume and magnetic fields on thermodynamic properties of quark matter and fluctuations of conserved charges
• Quark-hadron pasta phase in neutron stars: the role of medium-dependent surface and curvature tensions
• Non-Radial Oscillation Modes in Hybrid Stars with Hyperons and Delta Baryons
• Landau quantization and spin polarization of cold magnetized quark matter
• Strangelets at finite temperature: nucleon emission rates, interface and shell effects
• Medium effect on anisotropic surface tension of magnetized quark matter
• Framework for phase transitions between the Maxwell and Gibbs constructions at finite temperature
• Role of thermal fluctuations in nucleation of three-flavor quark matter
• The sharpness of the quark-hadron transition and the properties of hybrid stars
• Compact dwarfs made of light-quark nuggets
• Detectability of continuous gravitational waves from magnetically deformed neutron stars