Stability of the spectral gap for the Boltzmann multi-species operator linearized around non-equilibrium Maxwell distributions

Abstract

We consider the Boltzmann operator for mixtures with cutoff Maxwellian, hard potentials, or hard spheres collision kernels. In a perturbative regime around the global Maxwellian equilibrium, the linearized Boltzmann multi-species operator $\mathbf{L}$ is known to possess an explicit spectral gap ${\lambda }_{\mathbf{L}}$, in the global equilibrium weighted $L^2$ space. We study a new operator ${\mathbf{L}}^{\epsilon }$ obtained by linearizing the Boltzmann operator for mixtures around local Maxwellian distributions, where all the species evolve with different small macroscopic velocities of order $\epsilon$, $\epsilon >0$. This is a non-equilibrium state for the mixture. We establish a quasi-stability property for the Dirichlet form of ${\mathbf{L}}^{\epsilon }$ in the global equilibrium weighted $L^2$ space. More precisely, we consider the explicit upper bound that has been proved for the entropy production functional associated to $\mathbf{L}$ and we show that the same estimate holds for the entropy production functional associated to ${\mathbf{L}}^{\epsilon }$, up to a correction of order $\epsilon$.

22 pages