Intrinsic multipole moments of the non-Gaussian wave packets

Abstract

The charged wave packets with non-Gaussian spatial profiles are shown to possess intrinsic multipole moments. The magnetic dipole moment and the electric quadrupole moment are found for a wide class of the packets, including the vortex electrons with orbital angular momentum $\ell$, the Airy beams, the so-called Schrödinger's cat states, and their generalizations. For the packets with no phase vortices, the electric quadrupole moment is shown to grow quadratically with the packet's width, $|Q_{\alpha \beta }|\sim e\cdot {\sigma }_{\perp }^2$, while it is also $|\ell |$ times enhanced for the vortex beams. For available beams of electron microscopes, these multipole moments are relatively easily adjusted and can be quite large, which affects the packets' electromagnetic fields and also allows one to develop new diagnostic tools for materials science, atomic and molecular physics, nuclear physics, and so forth.

arXiv comment5 pages, 1 figure

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• Production of twisted particles in heavy-ion collisions
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• Radiation from Dirac fermions caused by a projective measurement
• Inclusive probability to record an electron in elastic electromagnetic scattering by a spin one-half hadron wave packet
• Plasmon-polaritons on a single electron
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• Vortex particles in axially symmetric fields and applications of the quantum Busch theorem