Strong coupling of two-dimensional electron ensemble to a single-mode cavity resonator

Abstract

We investigate the regime of strong coupling of an ensemble of two-dimensional electrons to a single-mode cavity resonator. In particular, we realized such a regime of light-matter interaction by coupling the cyclotron motion of a collection of electrons on the surface of liquid helium to the microwave field in a semi-confocal Fabry-Perot resonator. For the co-rotating component of the microwave field, the strong coupling is pronouncedly manifested by the normal-mode splitting in the spectrum of coupled field-particle motion. We present a complete description of this phenomenon based on classical electrodynamics, as well as show that the full quantum treatment of this problem results in mean-value equations of motion that are equivalent to our classical result. For the counter-rotating component of the microwave field, we observe a strong resonance when the microwave frequency is close to both the cyclotron and cavity frequencies. We show that this surprising effect, which is not expected to occur under the rotating-wave approximation, results from the mixing between two polarization components of the microwave field in our cavity.

arXiv comment10 pages, 7 figures

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Cited by in corpus (7)

• Spectroscopy of Wigner molecules on superfluid helium using a superconducting resonator
• Rashba cavity QED: a route towards the superradiant quantum phase transition
• Cavity engineering of Hubbard $U$ via phonon polaritons
• Motional Quantum States of Surface Electrons on Liquid Helium in a Tilted Magnetic Field
• Plasmon Mode Engineering with Electrons on Helium
• Universal quantum gates by nonadiabatic holonomic evolution for the surface electron
• Internal cyclotron probe of the vertical polarizability of a surface-state electron on helium