Ultrafast dynamics of spin and orbital correlations in quantum materials: an energy- and momentum-resolved perspective

Abstract

Many remarkable properties of quantum materials emerge from states with intricate coupling between the charge, spin and orbital degrees of freedom. Ultrafast photo-excitations of these materials hold great promise for understanding and controlling the properties of these states. Here we introduce time-resolved resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (trRIXS) as a means of measuring charge, spin and orbital excitations out of equilibrium. These excitations encode the correlations and interactions that determine the detailed properties of the states generated. After outlining the basic principles and instrumentation of tr-RIXS, we review our first observations of transient antiferromagnetic correlations in quasi-two dimensions in a photo-excited Mott insulator and present possible future routes of this fast-developing technique. The increasing number of X-ray free electron laser facilities not only enables tackling long-standing fundamental scientific problems, but also promises to unleash novel inelastic X-ray scattering spectroscopies

arXiv comment14 pages, 5 figures, supplementary information; Accepted in Philosophical Transactions A

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• Lattice modulation spectroscopy of one-dimensional quantum gases:Universal scaling of the absorbed energy
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• Signatures of Floquet Engineering in the proximal Kitaev Quantum Spin Liquid H${}_3$LiIr${}_2$O${}_6$ by tr-RIXS
• X-Ray Scattering from Light-Driven Spin Fluctuations in a Doped Mott Insulator
• Hamiltonian parameter inference from resonant inelastic x-ray scattering with active learning
• Dynamical correlations and nonequilibrium sum rules in photodoped Hubbard ladders