Experimental observation of plasma wakefield growth driven by the seeded self-modulation of a proton bunch

Abstract

We measure the effects of transverse wakefields driven by a relativistic proton bunch in plasma with densities of $2.1\times 10^{14}$ and \unit[$7.7\times 10^{14}$]{electrons/cm${}^3$}. We show that these wakefields periodically defocus the proton bunch itself, consistently with the development of the seeded self-modulation process. We show that the defocusing increases both along the bunch and along the plasma by using time resolved and time-integrated measurements of the proton bunch transverse distribution. We evaluate the transverse wakefield amplitudes and show that they exceed their seed value (\unit[$<$15]{MV/m}) and reach over \unit[300]{MV/m}. All these results confirm the development of the seeded self-modulation process, a necessary condition for external injection of low energy and acceleration of electrons to multi-GeV energy levels.

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Cited by in corpus (26)

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• Physics to plan AWAKE Run 2
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• Experimental Study of Wakefields Driven by a Self-Modulating Proton Bunch in Plasma
• A magnetic spectrometer to measure electron bunches accelerated at AWAKE
• Proton Driven Plasma Wakefield Acceleration in AWAKE
• First fully kinetic three-dimensional simulation of the AWAKE baseline scenario
• Particle physics experiments based on the AWAKE acceleration scheme
• Wakefield decay in a radially bounded plasma due to formation of electron halo
• Study of external electron beam injection into proton driven plasma wakefields for AWAKE Run2
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• Determination of the Charge per Micro-Bunch of a Self-Modulated Proton Bunch using a Streak Camera
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• Evolution of equilibrium particle beams under external wakefields
• Experimental study of extended timescale dynamics of a plasma wakefield driven by a self-modulated proton bunch
• Exploration of Helicon Plasmas for Wakefield Accelerators at the Madison AWAKE Prototype
• Witness electron beam injection using an active plasma lens for a proton beam-driven plasma wakefield accelerator
• Seeding self-modulation of a long proton bunch with a short electron bunch
• AWAKE: On the path to particle physics applications
• Electron beam characterization with beam loss monitors in AWAKE
• Recent highlights and plans of the AWAKE experiment