First harmonic measurements of the spin Seebeck effect

Abstract

We present measurements of the spin Seebeck effect (SSE) by a technique that combines alternating currents (AC) and direct currents (DC). The method is applied to a ferrimagnetic insulator/heavy metal bilayer, Y${}_3$Fe${}_5$O${}_{12}$(YIG)/Pt. Typically, SSE measurements use an AC current to produce an alternating temperature gradient and measure the voltage generated by the inverse spin-Hall effect in the heavy metal at twice the AC frequency. Here we show that when Joule heating is associated with AC and DC bias currents, the SSE response occurs at the frequency of the AC current drive and can be larger than the second harmonic SSE response. We compare the first and second harmonic responses and show that they are consistent with the SSE. The field dependence of the voltage response is used to characterize the damping-like and field-like torques. This method can be used to explore nonlinear thermoelectric effects and spin dynamics induced by temperature gradients.

arXiv comment4 pages, 5 figures

References in corpus (12)

• Spin Hall effect
• Quantitative characterization of the spin orbit torque using harmonic Hall voltage measurements
• Interplay of spin-orbit torque and thermoelectric effects in ferromagnet/normal metal bilayers
• Longitudinal Spin Seebeck Effect Free from the Proximity Nernst Effect
• Inverse Edelstein Effect
• Intrinsic Spin Seebeck Effect in Au/YIG
• Observation of the spin Nernst effect
• Current heating induced spin Seebeck effect
• Simultaneous detection of the spin-Hall magnetoresistance and the spin-Seebeck effect in Platinum and Tantalum on Yttrium Iron Garnet
• Magnetoresistance of heavy and light metal/ferromagnet bilayers
• Giant thermal spin torque assisted magnetic tunnel junction switching
• Observation of Spin Nernst effect in Platinum

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• Theory of Harmonic Hall Responses of Spin-Torque Driven Antiferromagnets
• Second-harmonic response as a tool to detect spin textures in magnetic nodal-line semimetal Fe${}_3$GeTe${}_2$
• Characterizing Spin-Orbit Torques by Tensorial Spin Hall Magnetoresistance