Growth and characterization of HgBa2CaCu2O6+d and HgBa2Ca2Cu3O8+d crystals

Abstract

We report the successful synthesis of single-crystalline cuprate superconductors HgBa${}_2$CaCu${}_2$O${}_{6+\delta }$ and HgBa${}_2$Ca${}_2$Cu${}_3$O${}_{8+\delta }$. These compounds are well-known for their high optimal superconducting critical temperatures of $T_{\mathrm{c}}$ = 128 K and 134 K at ambient pressure, respectively, and for their challenging synthesis. Using a conventional quartz-tube encapsulation method and a two-layer encapsulation method that utilizes custom-built high-pressure furnaces, we are able to grow single crystals with linear dimensions up to several millimeters parallel to the CuO${}_2$ planes. Extended post-growth anneals are shown to lead to sharp superconducting transitions, indicative of high macroscopic homogeneity. X-ray diffraction and polarized Raman spectroscopy are identified as viable methods to resolve the seemingly unavoidable inter-growth of the two compounds. Our work helps to remove obstacles toward the study of these model cuprate systems with experimental probes that require sizable high-quality crystals.

arXiv comment7 pages, 7 figures

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• Paramagnons and high-temperature superconductivity in mercury-based cuprates
• Unprecedentedly large gap in HgBa${}_2$Ca${}_2$Cu${}_3$O${}_{8+\delta }$ with the highest $T_c$ at ambient pressure
• Exploration of the Hg-based cuprate superconductors by Raman spectroscopy under hydrostatic pressure
• Doping-dependent phonon anomaly and charge-order phenomena in the HgBa${}_2$CuO${}_{4+\delta }$ and HgBa${}_2$CaCu${}_2$O${}_{6+\delta }$
• Single-Crystal Growth and Characterization of Cuprate Superconductor (Hg,Re)Ba${}_2$Ca${}_2$Cu${}_3$O${}_{8+\delta }$
• Three Magnetization Peaks in HgBa${}_2$Ca${}_2$Cu${}_3$O${}_8$ Single Crystals
• Enhancement of $J$${}_c$ by Proton Irradiation in HgBa${}_2$Ca${}_2$Cu${}_3$O${}_8$${}_{+}$${}_{\delta }$ Single Crystals
• Electronic Structure and Superconducting Gap of HgBa${}_2$Ca${}_2$Cu${}_3$O${}_{8+\delta }$ Revealed by Laser-Based Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy