Engineered Chiral Skyrmion and Skyrmionium States by the Gradient of Curvature

Abstract

Curvilinear nanomagnets can support magnetic skyrmions stabilized at a local curvature without any intrinsic chiral interactions. Here, we propose a new mechanism to stabilize chiral Néel skyrmion states relying on the \textit{gradient} of curvature. We illustrate our approach with an example of a magnetic thin film with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy shaped as a circular indentation. We show that in addition to the topologically trivial ground state, there are two skyrmion states with winding numbers $\pm 1$ and a skyrmionium state with a winding number $0$. These chiral states are formed due to the pinning of a chiral magnetic domain wall at a bend of the nanoindentation due to spatial inhomogeneity of the curvature-induced Dzyaloshinskii--Moriya interaction. The latter emerges due to the gradient of the local curvature at a bend. While the chirality of the skyrmion is determined by the sign of the local curvature, its radius can be varied in a broad range by engineering the position of the bend with respect to the center of the nanoindentation. We propose a general method, which enables one to reduce a magnetic problem for any surface of revolution to the common planar problem by means of proper modification of constants of anisotropy and Dzyaloshinskii--Moriya interaction.

arXiv comment10 pages, 5 figures

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• Dynamics of a magnetic skyrmionium in an anisotropy gradient
• Curvature effects on phase transitions in chiral magnets
• Curvature induced drift and deformation of magnetic skyrmions: comparison of ferro- and antiferromagnetic cases
• Curvature induced magnetization of altermagnetic films
• Curvature-Induced Skyrmion Mass
• Curvature-induced skyrmion deformation
• Impact of curvature-induced Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction on magnetic vortex texture in spherical caps