Placement and Implementation of Grid-Forming and Grid-Following Virtual Inertia and Fast Frequency Response

Abstract

The electric power system is witnessing a shift in the technology of generation. Conventional thermal generation based on synchronous machines is gradually being replaced by power electronics interfaced renewable generation. This new mode of generation, however, lacks the natural inertia and governor damping which are quintessential features of synchronous machines. The loss of these features results in increasing frequency excursions and, ultimately, system instability. Among the numerous studies on mitigating these undesirable effects, the main approach involves virtual inertia emulation to mimic the behavior of synchronous machines. In this work, explicit models of grid-following and grid-forming virtual inertia (VI) devices are developed for inertia emulation in low-inertia systems. An optimization problem is formulated to optimize the parameters and location of these devices in a power system to increase its resilience. Finally, a case study based on a high-fidelity model of the South-East Australian system is used to illustrate the effectiveness of such devices.

References in corpus (2)

• Optimal Placement of Virtual Inertia in Power Grids
• On Placement of Synthetic Inertia with Explicit Time-Domain Constraints

Cited by in corpus (22)

• Placing Grid-Forming Converters to Enhance Small Signal Stability of PLL-Integrated Power Systems
• Control of Grid-Forming VSCs: A Perspective of Adaptive Fast/Slow Internal Voltage Source
• $H_{\infty }$-Control of Grid-Connected Converters: Design, Objectives and Decentralized Stability Certificates
• A Two-Level Simulation-Assisted Sequential Distribution System Restoration Model With Frequency Dynamics Constraints
• Optimal Allocation of Virtual Inertia and Droop Control for Renewable Energy in Stochastic Look-Ahead Power Dispatch
• A Market Mechanism for Virtual Inertia
• Hybrid Angle Control and Almost Global Stability of Grid-Forming Power Converters
• Storage placement policy for minimizing frequency deviation: A combinatorial optimization approach
• Joint Oscillation Damping and Inertia Provision Service for Converter-Interfaced Generation
• Interactions of Grid-Forming Power Converters and Synchronous Machines
• Frequency shaping control for weakly-coupled grid-forming IBRs
• Storage-Based Frequency Shaping Control
• A Dynamic Response Recovery Framework Using Ambient Synchrophasor Data
• A Novel Wide-Area Control Strategy for Damping of Critical Frequency Oscillations via Modulation of Active Power Injections
• Grid-forming frequency shaping control
• Structured Controller Parameter Tuning for Power Systems
• Coordinated Frequency and Voltage Regulation of Grid-Following and Grid-Forming Inverters
• Dispatch of Virtual Inertia and Damping: Numerical Method with SDP and ADMM
• Performance analysis and optimization of power systems with spatially correlated noise
• Frequency Stability of Synchronous Machines and Grid-Forming Power Converters
• Dynamic Droop Control in Low-inertia Power Systems
• ${\mathcal{H}}_2$-norm transmission switching to improve synchronism of low-inertia power grids