Nonlinear spectral analysis of Peregrine solitons observed in optics and in hydrodynamic experiments

Abstract

The data recorded in optical fiber [1] and in hydrodynamic [2] experiments reported the pioneering observation of nonlinear waves with spatiotemporal localization similar to the Peregrine soliton are examined by using nonlinear spectral analysis. Our approach is based on the integrable nature of the one-dimensional focusing nonlinear Schrodinger equation (1D-NLSE) that governs at leading order the propagation of the optical and hydrodynamic waves in the two experiments. Nonlinear spectral analysis provides certain spectral portraits of the analyzed structures that are composed of bands lying in the complex plane. The spectral portraits can be interpreted within the framework of the so-called finite gap theory (or periodic inverse scattering transform). In particular, the number N of bands composing the nonlinear spectrum determines the genus g = N - 1 of the solution that can be viewed as a measure of complexity of the space-time evolution of the considered solution. Within this setting the ideal, rational Peregrine soliton represents a special, degenerate genus 2 solution. While the fitting procedures employed in [1] and [2] show that the experimentally observed structures are quite well approximated by the Peregrine solitons, nonlinear spectral analysis of the breathers observed both in the optical fiber and in the water tank experiments reveals that they exhibit spectral portraits associated with more general, genus 4 finite-gap NLSE solutions. Moreover, the nonlinear spectral analysis shows that the nonlinear spectrum of the breathers observed in the experiments slowly changes with the propagation distance, thus confirming the influence of unavoidable perturbative higher order effects or dissipation in the experiments.

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• Topological Control of Extreme Waves
• Phase evolution of Peregrine-like breathers in optics and hydrodynamics
• From modulational instability to focusing dam breaks in water waves
• Experimental realization of Fermi-Pasta-Ulam-Tsingou recurrence in a long-haul optical fiber transmission system
• Direct scattering transform: catch soliton if you can
• From rogue waves to solitons
• Solitons in a box-shaped wavefield with noise: perturbation theory and statistics
• Bound-state soliton gas as a limit of adiabatically growing integrable turbulence
• Excitation of Peregrine-type waveforms from vanishing initial conditions in the presence of periodic forcing
• Coexistence of solitons and extreme events in deep water surface waves