Lower bound on the number of periodic solutions for asymptotically linear planar Hamiltonian systems

Abstract

In this work we prove the lower bound for the number of $T$-periodic solutions of an asymptotically linear planar Hamiltonian system. Precisely, we show that such a system, $T$-periodic in time, with $T$-Maslov indices $i_0,i_{\infty }$ at the origin and at infinity, has at least $|i_{\infty }-i_0|$ periodic solutions, and an additional one if $i_0$ is even. Our argument combines the Poincaré--Birkhoff Theorem with an application of topological degree. We illustrate the sharpness of our result, and extend it to the case of second orders ODEs with linear-like behaviour at zero and infinity.