Pattern dynamics of interacting contagions

Abstract

The spread of infectious diseases, rumors, fashions, innovations are complex contagion processes, embedded both in networked and spatial contexts. Here we investigate the pattern dynamics of a complex contagion, where two agents, say $A$ and $B$, interact with each other and diffuse simultaneously in the geographic space. The contagion process for each follows the classical susceptible-infected-susceptible kinetics, and their interaction introduces a potential change in the secondary infection propensity compared to the baseline reproduction ratio $R_0$. We show that nontrivial spatial infection patterns arise, when the susceptible move faster than the infected and the interaction between the two agents is neither too competitive nor too cooperative. Interestingly, the system exhibits pattern hysteresis phenomena that quite different parameter regions allowing for patterns exist in the direction of increasing $R_0$ and in the direction of eradication by its reduction. The latter shows a remarkable enhancement in the contagion prevalence, meaning that the infection eradication now becomes extremely difficult compared to the single-agent scenario and to the coinfection without space. Linearization analysis supports our observations, and we identified the required elements and dynamical mechanism behind the emergence of a pattern. These findings call for further investigation for their close relevance, both in biological and social contagions.

arXiv comment13 pages, 9 figures. Any comments are welcome

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• Emergence of anti-coordinated patterns in snowdrift game by reinforcement learning
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• One pathogen does not an epidemic make: A review of interacting contagions, diseases, beliefs, and stories
• Annealed mean-field epidemiological model on scale-free networks with a mitigating factor