Fluctuations of the flux of energy on the apparent horizon

Abstract

Adopting the Landau-Lifshiftz method of classical fluctuations we determine the statistical average strength of the fluctuations of the energy flux on the apparent horizon of a homogeneous and isotropic universe described by Einstein gravity. We find that the fluctuations increase with the temperature of the horizon and decrease with its area, in accordance with the features of systems where gravity can be neglected. %is absent. We further find, on the one hand, that the fluctuations vanish in the cosmological constant dominated de Sitter expansion, and, on the other hand, that the domination of phantom fields is excluded. The reasonableness of the results we have obtained lend support to the view that the universe behaves as a normal thermodynamic system.

4 pages, no figures. Key words: Mathematical cosmology, statistical physics. It matches published version

References in corpus (8)

• Thermodynamic Behavior of Friedmann Equation at Apparent Horizon of FRW Universe
• Unified First Law and Thermodynamics of Apparent Horizon in FRW Universe
• Hubble parameter measurement constraints on the redshift of the deceleration-acceleration transition, dynamical dark energy, and space curvature
• Gravitational induced particle production through a nonminimal curvature-matter coupling
• Entropy evolution of universes with initial and final de Sitter eras
• Phantom behavior via cosmological creation of particles
• Considerations on the thermal equilibrium between matter and the cosmic horizon
• Constraining interacting dark energy models with flux destabilization

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• Eckart heat-flux applicability in $F(\Phi ,X)R$ theories and the existence of temperature gradients