Norming subspaces of Banach spaces

Abstract

We show that, if $X$ is a closed subspace of a Banach space $E$ and $Z$ is a closed subspace of $E^{\ast }$ such that $Z$ is norming for $X$ and $X$ is total over $Z$ (as well as $X$ is norming for $Z$ and $Z$ is total over $X$), then $X$ and the pre-annihilator of $Z$ are complemented in $E$ whenever $Z$ is $w^{\ast }$-closed or $X$ is reflexive.