Strong negative nonlinear friction from induced two-phonon processes in vibrational systems

Abstract

Self-sustained vibrations in systems ranging from lasers to clocks to biological systems are often associated with the coefficient of linear friction, which relates the friction force to the velocity, becoming negative [1,2]. The runaway of the vibration amplitude is prevented by positive nonlinear friction that increases rapidly with the amplitude. Here we use a modulated electromechanical resonator to show that nonlinear friction can be made negative and sufficiently strong to overcome positive linear friction at large vibration amplitudes. The experiment involves applying a drive that simultaneously excites two phonons of the studied mode and a phonon of a faster decaying high-frequency mode. We study generic features of the oscillator dynamics with negative nonlinear friction. Remarkably, self-sustained vibrations of the oscillator need to be activated in this case. When, in addition, a resonant force is applied, a branch of large-amplitude forced vibrations can emerge, isolated from the branch of the ordinary small-amplitude response. Isolated branches of self-sustained and forced vibrations are advantageous for applications in sensing and control.

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• Persistent nonlinear phase-locking and non-monotonic energy dissipation in micromechanical resonators
• Hidden vibrational bistability revealed by intrinsic fluctuations of a carbon nanotube
• Nonlinearity-induced symmetry breaking in a system of two parametrically driven Kerr-Duffing oscillators
• Theory of bifurcation amplifiers utilizing the nonlinear dynamical response of an optically damped mechanical oscillator