Radioactive contamination of scintillators

Abstract

Low counting experiments (search for double ${\hat{I}}^2$ decay and dark matter particles, measurements of neutrino fluxes from different sources, search for hypothetical nuclear and subnuclear processes, low background $\hat{I}\pm$, ${\hat{I}}^2$, ${\hat{I}}^3$ spectrometry) require extremely low background of a detector. Scintillators are widely used to search for rare events both as conventional scintillation detectors and as cryogenic scintillating bolometers. Radioactive contamination of a scintillation material plays a key role to reach low level of background. Origin and nature of radioactive contamination of scintillators, experimental methods and results are reviewed. A programme to develop radiopure crystal scintillators for low counting experiments is discussed briefly.

Review, 57 pages, 13 figures, 14 tables