Strong coupling in conserved surface roughening: A new universality class?

Abstract

The Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) equation defines the main universality class for nonlinear growth and roughening of surfaces. But under certain conditions, a conserved KPZ equation (cKPZ) is thought to set the universality class instead. This has non-mean-field behavior only in spatial dimension $d<2$. We point out here that cKPZ is incomplete: it omits a symmetry-allowed nonlinear gradient term of the same order as the one retained. Adding this term, we find a parameter regime where the $1$-loop renormalization group flow diverges. This suggests a phase transition to a new growth phase, possibly ruled by a strong coupling fixed point and thus described by a new universality class, for any $d>1$. In this phase, numerical integration of the model in $d=2$ gives clear evidence of non mean-field behavior.