A fully implicit, conservative, non-linear, electromagnetic hybrid particle-ion/fluid-electron algorithm

Abstract

The quasi-neutral hybrid model with kinetic ions and fluid electrons is a promising approach for bridging the inherent multi-scale nature of many problems in space and laboratory plasmas. Here, a novel, implicit, particle-in-cell based scheme for the hybrid model is derived for multi-dimensional electromagnetic problems with multiple ion species, which features global mass, momentum and energy conservation. The scheme includes sub-cycling and orbit averaging of the ions, with cell-centered finite differences and implicit midpoint time advance. To reduce discrete particle noise, the scheme allows arbitrary-order shape functions for the particle-mesh interpolations and the application of conservative binomial smoothing. The algorithm is verified for a number of test problems to demonstrate the correctness of the implementation, the unique conservation properties, and the favorable stability properties of the new scheme. In particular, there is no indication of unstable growth of the finite-grid instability for a population of cold ions drifting through a uniform spatial mesh, in a set-up where several commonly used non-conservative schemes are highly unstable.

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• Enabling particle applications for exascale computing platforms
• Astrophysical explosions revisited: collisionless coupling of debris to magnetized plasma
• PolyPIC: the Polymorphic-Particle-in-Cell Method for Fluid-Kinetic Coupling
• An implicit, conservative and asymptotic-preserving electrostatic particle-in-cell algorithm for arbitrarily magnetized plasmas in uniform magnetic fields
• A cancellation problem in hybrid particle-in-cell schemes due to finite particle size
• A conservative implicit-PIC scheme for the hybrid kinetic-ion fluid-electron plasma model on curvilinear meshes
• Symplectic particle-in-cell methods for hybrid plasma models with Boltzmann electrons and space-charge effects