Notes on the gravitational, electromagnetic and axion memory effects

Abstract

We investigate the memory effects associated with the kicks of particles. Recently, the equivalence between the memory effect and soft theorem has been established. By computing the memory effect from the radiation solutions, we explicitly confirm that, in addition to the leading piece, the subleading and subsubleading soft theorems are equivalent to the subleading and subsubleading memory effects, respectively. It is known that the memory effects can be probed by the displacements or kicks of the test particles. We point out that the these memory effects are also probed by the permanent change of the direction of the spin. We also show that the axion memory effect, recently proposed by the current authors, can be detected as the change of the spin of the test particle. We discuss that if we consider the magnetic monopole as an external particle, the parity-odd electromagnetic memory appears.

19 pages, published version

References in corpus (7)

• Low's Subleading Soft Theorem as a Symmetry of QED
• Infinite Set of Soft Theorems in Gauge-Gravity Theories as Ward-Takahashi Identities
• Recent progress on the description of relativistic spin: vector model of spinning particle and rotating body with gravimagnetic moment in General Relativity
• Global aspects of radiation memory
• Gravitational wave memory in $\Lambda$CDM cosmology
• Soft pion theorem, asymptotic symmetry and new memory effect
• Electromagnetic Duality and the Electric Memory Effect

Cited by in corpus (17)

• The SAGEX Review on Scattering Amplitudes, Chapter 11: Soft Theorems and Celestial Amplitudes
• Classical Sub-subleading Soft Photon and Soft Graviton Theorems in Four Spacetime Dimensions
• Dressed states from gauge invariance
• On electromagnetic and colour memory in even dimensions
• Conservation Laws from Asymptotic Symmetry and Subleading Charges in QED
• Geodesic congruences in exact plane wave spacetimes and the memory effect
• IR finite S-matrix by gauge invariant dressed states
• Massless polarized particle and Faraday rotation of light in the Schwarzschild spacetime
• Monopole-fermion scattering and varying Fock space
• Angular momentum and memory effect
• The analytic structure of amplitudes on backgrounds from gauge invariance and the infra-red
• Gravitational and electromagnetic memory
• Dressed-Asymptotic States and QED Infrared Physics
• Dress code for infrared safe scattering in QED
• Electromagnetic memory in arbitrary curved space-times
• Note on electromagnetic memories
• Memory effect in Yang-Mills theory with an axion