Constraining screened fifth forces with the electron magnetic moment

Abstract

Chameleon and symmetron theories serve as archetypal models for how light scalar fields can couple to matter with gravitational strength or greater, yet evade the stringent constraints from classical tests of gravity on Earth and in the Solar System. In this work, we investigate how a precision measurement of the electron magnetic moment places meaningful constraints on both chameleons and symmetrons. Two effects are identified: First, virtual chameleons and symmetrons run in loops to generate quantum corrections to the intrinsic value of the magnetic moment; a common process widely considered in the literature for many scenarios beyond the Standard Model. A second effect, however, is unique to scalar fields that exhibit screening. A scalar bubblelike profile forms inside the experimental vacuum chamber and exerts a fifth force on the electron, leading to a systematic shift in the experimental measurement. In quantifying this latter effect, we present a novel approach that combines analytic arguments and a small number of numerical simulations to solve for the bubblelike profile quickly for a large range of model parameters. Taken together, both effects yield interesting constraints in complementary regions of parameter space. While the constraints we obtain for the chameleon are largely uncompetitive with those in the existing literature, this still represents the tightest constraint achievable yet from an experiment not originally designed to search for fifth forces. We break more ground with the symmetron, for which our results exclude a large and previously unexplored region of parameter space. Central to this achievement are the quantum correction terms, which are able to constrain symmetrons with masses in the range $\mu \in [10^{-3.88},10^8]\text{eV}$, whereas other experiments have hitherto only been sensitive to 1 or 2 orders of magnitude at a time.

arXiv comment18 pages + appendices, 12 figures. Abstract abridged for arXiv submission. v2: Minor typos corrected to match PRD version

References in corpus (54)

• Modified Gravity and Cosmology
• The Confrontation between General Relativity and Experiment
• Cosmology and the Fate of Dilatation Symmetry
• Chameleon Fields: Awaiting Surprises for Tests of Gravity in Space
• Chameleon Cosmology
• Beyond the Cosmological Standard Model
• New Measurement of the Electron Magnetic Moment and the Fine Structure Constant
• The Muon g-2
• CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical Constants: 2014
• Tests of the Gravitational Inverse-Square Law
• Symmetron Fields: Screening Long-Range Forces Through Local Symmetry Restoration
• New determination of the fine structure constant and test of the quantum electrodynamics
• Detecting Dark Energy in Orbit -- the Cosmological Chameleon
• Tenth-Order QED Contribution to the Electron g-2 and an Improved Value of the Fine Structure Constant
• Cavity Control of a Single-Electron Quantum Cyclotron:\\Measuring the Electron Magnetic Moment
• Environmental Dependence of Masses and Coupling Constants
• Tests of Chameleon Gravity
• A Simple Varying-alpha Cosmology
• Atom-interferometry constraints on dark energy
• Symmetron Cosmology
• A new determination of the fine structure constant based on Bloch oscillations of ultracold atoms in a vertical optical lattic
• Testing sub-gravitational forces on atoms from a miniature, in-vacuum source mass
• Testing new physics with the electron g-2
• Astrophysical Tests of Modified Gravity: Constraints from Distance Indicators in the Nearby Universe
• Combination of Bloch oscillations with a Ramsey-Bordé interferometer : new determination of the fine structure constant
• Tenth-Order Electron Anomalous Magnetic Moment --- Contribution of Diagrams without Closed Lepton Loops
• Contributions of axion-like particles to lepton dipole moments
• No-Go Theorems for Generalized Chameleon Field Theories
• Detecting Chameleons through Casimir Force Measurements
• Probing Dark Energy with Atom Interferometry
• A Compendium of Chameleon Constraints
• Scalar self-interactions loosen constraints from fifth force searches
• Chameleon Dark Energy and Atom Interferometry
• Strongly Coupled Chameleons and the Neutronic Quantum Bouncer
• Testing Chameleon Theories with Light Propagating through a Magnetic Field
• Dark energy fifth forces in torsion pendulum experiments
• Atomic Precision Tests and Light Scalar Couplings
• Implications of a Light "Dark Higgs" Solution to the $g_{\mu }-2$ Discrepancy
• A Generalized Theory of Varying Alpha
• Symmetron dark energy in laboratory experiments
• Revisiting chameleon gravity - thin-shells and no-shells with appropriate boundary conditions
• Constraining symmetron fields with atom interferometry
• Anomalous coupling of scalars to gauge fields
• The influence of the chameleon field potential on transition frequencies of gravitationally bound quantum states of ultra-cold neutrons
• Using Atom Interferometry to Detect Dark Energy
• Higgs production as a probe of Chameleon Dark Energy
• Atomic Interferometry Test of Dark Energy
• Collider constraints on interactions of dark energy with the Standard Model
• Exact Solutions to Non-Linear Symmetron Theory: One and Two Mirror Systems
• Ellipticity Weakens Chameleon Screening
• Exact Solution for Chameleon Field, Self-Coupled Through the Ratra-Peebles Potential with n = 1 and Confined Between Two Parallel Plates
• Chameleon Induced Atomic Afterglow
• An Environmental Variation of Constants
• One-electron atoms in screened modified gravity

Cited by in corpus (19)

• Measurement of the Electron Magnetic Moment
• Update on Coupled Dark Energy and the $H_0$ tension
• Experiment to detect dark energy forces using atom interferometry
• Testing Screened Modified Gravity
• Symmetron Scalar Fields: Modified Gravity, Dark Matter or Both?
• Quintessential inflation: A tale of emergent and broken symmetries
• The Classical Symmetron Force in Casimir Experiments
• The Fifth Force in the Local Cosmic Web
• The splashback radius in symmetron gravity
• Spin-orbit effects for compact binaries in scalar-tensor gravity
• Quantum Chameleons
• Constraining constant and tomographic coupled dark energy with low-redshift and high-redshift probes
• Constraining modified gravity with quantum optomechanics
• Fifth-Force Screening around Extremely Compact Sources
• Background-Induced Forces from Dark Relics
• Particle level screening of scalar forces in 1+1 dimensions
• Testing screened scalar-tensor theories of gravity with atomic clocks
• Atom-field dynamics in curved spacetime
• Quantum corrections to symmetron fifth-force profiles