Skew braces and the Galois correspondence for Hopf Galois structures

Abstract

Let $L/K$ be a Galois extension of fields with Galois group $\Gamma$, and suppose $L/K$ is also an $H$-Hopf Galois extension. Using the recently uncovered connection between Hopf Galois structures and skew left braces, we introduce a method to quantify the failure of surjectivity of the Galois correspondence from subHopf algebras of $H$ to intermediate subfields of $L/K$, given by the Fundamental Theorem of Hopf Galois Theory. Suppose $L{\otimes }_{K}H=LN$ where $N\cong (G,\star )$. Then there exists a skew left brace $(G,\star ,\circ )$ where $(G,\circ )\cong \Gamma$. We show that there is a bijective correspondence between intermediate fields $E$ between $K$ and $L$ and certain sub-skew left braces of $G$, which we call the $\circ$-stable subgroups of $(G,\star )$. Counting these subgroups and comparing that number with the number of subgroups of $\Gamma \cong (G,\circ )$ describes how far the Galois correspondence for the $H$-Hopf Galois structure is from being surjective. The method is illustrated by a variety of examples.

22 pages, minor corrections, slight change in title, updated references. Submitted to J. Algebra