Using mixed many-body particle states to generate exact $\mathcal{P}\mathcal{T}$-symmetry in a time-dependent four-well system

Abstract

Bose-Einstein condensates with balanced gain and loss in a double-well potential have been shown to exhibit PT-symmetric states. As proposed by Kreibich et al [Phys. Rev. A 87, 051601(R) (2013)], in the mean-field limit the dynamical behaviour of this system, especially that of the PT-symmetric states, can be simulated by embedding it into a Hermitian four-well system with time-dependent parameters. In this paper we go beyond the mean-field approximation and investigate many-body effects in this system, which are in lowest order described by the single-particle density matrix. The conditions for PT symmetry in the single-particle density matrix cannot be completely fulfilled by using pure initial states. Here we show that it is mathematically possible to achieve exact PT symmetry in the four-well many-body system in the sense of the dynamical behaviour of the single-particle density matrix. In contrast to previous work, for this purpose, we use mixed initial states fulfilling certain constraints and use them to calculate the dynamics.

arXiv comment18 pages, 2 figures, modest revisions of text and figure 2

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Cited by in corpus (1)

• Realization of $\mathcal{P}\mathcal{T}$-symmetric and $\mathcal{P}\mathcal{T}$-symmetry broken states in static optical lattice potentials