The first simultaneous sign change and non-vanishing of Hecke eigenvalues of newforms

Abstract

Let $f$ and $g$ be two distinct newforms which are normalized Hecke eigenforms of weights $k_1,k_2\ge 2$ and levels $N_1,N_2\ge 1$ respectively. Also let $a_f(n)$ and $a_g(n)$ be the $n$-th Fourier-coefficients of $f$ and $g$ respectively. In this article, we investigate the first sign change of the sequence $\{a_f(p^{\alpha })a_g(p^{\alpha }){\}}_{p^{\alpha }\in \mathbb{N},\alpha \le 2}$, where $p$ is a prime number. We further study the non-vanishing of the sequence $\{a_f(n)a_g(n){\}}_{n\in \mathbb{N}}$ and derive bounds for first non-vanishing term in this sequence. We also show, using ideas of Kowalski-Robert-Wu and Murty-Murty, that there exists a set of primes $S$ of natural density one such that for any prime $p\in S$, the sequence $\{a_f(p^n)a_g(p^m){\}}_{n,m\in \mathbb{N}}$ has no zero elements. This improves a recent work of Kumari and Ram Murty. Finally, using $\B$-free numbers, we investigate simultaneous non-vanishing of coefficients of $m$-th symmetric power $L$-functions of non-CM forms in short intervals.

Theorem 1 is refined to capture first simultaneous sign change in primes or prime squares