Freezing as a path to build complex composites

Abstract

Materials that are strong, ultra-light weight and tough are in demand for a range of applications, requiring architectures and components carefully designed from the micrometer down to nanometer scales. Nacre-a structure found in many molluscan shells-and bone are frequently used as examples for how nature achieves this through hybrid organic-inorganic composites. Unfortunately, it has proven extremely difficult to transcribe nacre-like clever designs into synthetic materials, partly because their intricate structures need to be replicated at several length scales. We demonstrate how the physics of ice formation can be used to develop sophisticated porous and layered-hybrid materials, including artificial bone, ceramic/metal composites, and porous scaffolds for osseous tissue regeneration with strengths up to four times higher than those currently used for implantation.

11 pages, 4 figures

Cited by in corpus (11)

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• In Situ X-Ray Radiography and Tomography Observations of the Solidification of Alumina Particles Suspensions. Part I: Initial Instants
• Freeze cast porous barium titanate for enhanced piezoelectric energy harvesting
• In Situ X-Ray Radiography and Tomography Observations of the Solidification of Alumina Particles Suspensions. Part II: Steady State
• Templated Grain Growth in Macroporous Materials
• Grain refinement and partitioning of impurities in the grain boundaries of a colloidal polycrystal
• Particle-scale structure in frozen colloidal suspensions from small angle x-ray scattering
• Reply to the correspondence: "On the fracture toughness of bioinspired ceramic materials"