Peeling off neutron skins from neutron-rich nuclei: Constraints on the symmetry energy from neutron-removal cross sections

Abstract

An experimentally constrained equation of state of neutron-rich matter is fundamental for the physics of nuclei and the astrophysics of neutron stars, mergers, core-collapse supernova explosions and the synthesis of heavy elements. To this end, we investigate the potential of constraining the density dependence of the symmetry energy close to saturation density through measurements of neutron-removal cross sections in high-energy nuclear collisions of a few hundreds MeV/nucleon to GeV/nucleon. We show that the sensitivity of the total neutron-removal cross section is high enough so that the required accuracy can be reached experimentally with the recent developments of new detection techniques. We quantify two crucial points to minimize the model dependence of the approach and to reach the required accuracy: the contribution to the cross section from inelastic scattering has to be measured separately in order to allow a direct comparison of experimental cross sections to theoretical cross sections based on density functional theory and eikonal theory. The accuracy of the reaction model should be investigated and quantified by the energy and target dependence of various nucleon-removal cross sections. Our calculations explore the dependence of neutron-removal cross sections on the neutron skin of medium-heavy neutron-rich nuclei, and we demonstrate that the slope parameter L of the symmetry energy could be constrained down to +/-10 MeV by such a measurement with a 2% accuracy of the measured and calculated cross sections.

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Cited by in corpus (5)

• Isospin-dependence of the charge-changing cross-section shaped by the charged-particle evaporation process
• Neutron skins as laboratory constraints on properties of neutron stars and on what we can learn from heavy ion fragmentation reactions
• Determination of neutron-skin thickness using configurational information entropy
• Nuclear fragmentation reactions as a probe of neutron skins in nuclei
• Maris polarization in neutron-rich nuclei