Scattering of two spinning black holes in post-Minkowskian gravity, to all orders in spin, and effective-one-body mappings

Abstract

We demonstrate equivalences, under simple mappings, between the dynamics of three distinct systems---(i) an arbitrary-mass-ratio two-spinning-black-hole system, (ii) a spinning test black hole in a background Kerr spacetime, and (iii) geodesic motion in Kerr---when each is considered in the first post-Minkowskian (1PM) approximation to general relativity, i.e. to linear order $G$ but to all orders in $1/c$, and to all orders in the black holes' spins, with all orders in the multipole expansions of their linearized gravitational fields. This is accomplished via computations of the net results of weak gravitational scattering encounters between two spinning black holes, namely the net $O(G)$ changes in the holes' momenta and spins as functions of the incoming state. The results are given in remarkably simple closed forms, found by solving effective Mathisson-Papapetrou-Dixon-type equations of motion for a spinning black hole in conjunction with the linearized Einstein equation, with appropriate matching to the Kerr solution. The scattering results fully encode the gauge-invariant content of a canonical Hamiltonian governing binary-black-hole dynamics at 1PM order, for generic (unbound and bound) orbits and spin orientations. We deduce one such Hamiltonian, which reproduces and resums the 1PM parts of all such previous post-Newtonian results, and which directly manifests the equivalences with the test-body limits via simple effective-one-body mappings.

26 pages, 2 figures. v2: added references; corrected typos in Appendix A; added missing link in Eq. (B11)

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• Gravitational scattering, post-Minkowskian approximation and Effective One-Body theory
• Effective one body approach to the dynamics of two spinning black holes with next-to-leading order spin-orbit coupling
• Fourth post-Newtonian effective one-body dynamics
• Gravitational spin Hamiltonians from the S matrix
• Cubic order spin effects in the dynamics and gravitational wave energy flux of compact object binaries
• Relativistic Closed-Form Hamiltonian for Many-Body Gravitating Systems in the Post-Minkowskian Approximation
• Leading order finite size effects with spins for inspiralling compact binaries
• Nonrotating black hole in a post-Newtonian tidal environment
• Higher-order-in-spin interaction Hamiltonians for binary black holes from Poincaré invariance
• Twofold Symmetries of the Pure Gravity Action

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